oregonensis genetic structure with a focus on the subspecies distributed in California, and finally evaluate the genetic diversity within G. We amplified and sequenced at least 300 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene and 11 nuclear microsatellites to provide baseline genetic data for this species and subspecies, investigate G. In this study, we characterized the intraspecific genetic structure and diversity of G. However, recent surveys indicate they have been extirpated from the latter locality.
oregonensis) and is restricted to the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains in California. The San Bernardino flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis californicus) is thought to be the southernmost population of the Humboldt’s flying squirrel (G. The new automated high‐throughput analysis platform (available at ) will allow biologists to more accurately and effectively determine wildlife population size and structure, and thus obtain information critical for conservation efforts. Using both singleplex and multiplex locus amplification, we also genotyped fecal samples from chimpanzees in the Greater Mahale Ecosystem in Tanzania, demonstrating the utility of the MiSeq‐based approach for genotyping nonhabituated populations and performing comparative analyses across field sites. This demonstrated inheritance and resolved one case of an ambiguous paternity. The new genotypes, which increased the allelic diversity and heterozygosity in Gombe by 61% and 8%, respectively, were validated by replicate amplification and pedigree analyses.
Applying this method to the entire Gombe population, we confirmed previously reported genotypes, but also identified 31 new alleles that had been missed due to sequence differences and size homoplasy. Using data from eight microsatellite loci as a reference, we designed a bioinformatics platform that converts raw MiSeq reads into locus‐specific files and automatically calls alleles after filtering stutter sequences and other PCR artifacts. Here we developed a MiSeq‐based approach and tested its performance using previously genotyped fecal samples from long‐term studied chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. However, this technique is labor intensive, difficult to compare across platforms, and notoriously imprecise. Until recently, capillary electrophoresis has been the method of choice to determine the length of polymorphic STR loci. Short tandem repeats (STRs), also known as microsatellites, are commonly used to noninvasively genotype wild‐living endangered species, including African apes.
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